Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Xinhua, Beijing, 5 ga Fabrairu - Bayan wani babban koma-baya a shekarar 2025, farashin jan karfe na cikin gida ya ci gaba da hauhawa a watan Janairun 2026, wanda ya nuna karuwar da aka samu a kowace shekara da kuma wata-wata. A farkon watan Fabrairu, farashin ya yi ta canzawa a manyan matakai.
Masu sharhi kan harkokin masana'antu sun ce hauhawar farashin jan ƙarfe a kwanan nan ya faru ne sakamakon haɗakar tasirin katsewar samar da kayayyaki, ƙaruwar buƙata, da kuma tsammanin manufofi.
A ɓangaren samar da kayayyaki, ma'adanai na jan ƙarfe na duniya suna fuskantar ƙalubale na dogon lokaci daga abubuwa da dama, ciki har da raguwar ingancin albarkatu, hauhawar farashin haƙar ma'adinai, da kuma ƙaruwar raunin samar da kayayyaki. A cewar ƙungiyar masana'antar ƙarfe ta China Nonferrous, ana hasashen cewa matakin ma'adinan jan ƙarfe na duniya zai ragu daga kashi 1.3% a shekarar 2005 zuwa kashi 0.65% a shekarar 2025, inda ake sa ran farashin haƙar ma'adinai a shekarar 2025 zai ƙaru da fiye da kashi 40% idan aka kwatanta da shekarar 2015.
A ɓangaren buƙata, "makamashi mai kore" da "hankali na wucin gadi" sun zama muhimman injunan haɓaka amfani da jan ƙarfe. Bayanan iska sun nuna cewa sabuwar motar makamashi ta yau da kullun tana amfani da jan ƙarfe sau 3 zuwa 5 fiye da motar gargajiya mai amfani da man fetur, wanda ke haifar da ƙaruwar buƙatar dubban daruruwan tan. Yawan jan ƙarfe da ake amfani da shi a cibiyoyin bayanai na wucin gadi shi ma ya fi na cibiyoyin bayanai na gargajiya; ƙaruwar buƙatar wutar lantarki ta kwamfuta da gina tsarin wutar lantarki mai tallafi sun haifar da ƙaruwar buƙatar kayayyaki kamar foil ɗin jan ƙarfe mai tsafta da kebul na jan ƙarfe mai daidaito…
Ribar kuɗi a duniya da kuma yanayin ƙasa sun samar da yanayi mai kyau ga hauhawar farashin jan ƙarfe. "Tun daga farkon shekarar 2026, isasshen ruwa a duniya, kasuwar hannun jari mai ƙarfi, da kuma kasuwar ƙarfe mai daraja mai ɗumama sun haɗa kai wajen haɓaka farashin jan ƙarfe," in ji Chen Xuesen, mataimakin shugaban ƙungiyar masana'antar ƙarfe ta China Nonferrous.
Karin farashin tagulla ya sanya matsin lamba ga kamfanonin da ke cikin mawuyacin hali.
A rayuwar yau da kullum, ana amfani da jan ƙarfe a cikin komai, tun daga famfo da madannin ƙofa da taga har zuwa firiji da na'urorin sanyaya iska; a masana'antu, jan ƙarfe muhimmin abu ne don samar da kebul, ƙera batirin adana makamashi, da sauransu.
A watan Disamba na shekarar da ta gabata, kamfanoni kamar Anhui Meibo Intelligent Electric Appliances Group Co., Ltd. da General Air Conditioning (Wuxi) Co., Ltd. sun bayar da sanarwar daidaita farashi, inda suka ambaci hauhawar farashin jan karfe a matsayin babban dalili.
Haɓaka ƙwarewar fasaha ta wasu kamfanoni hanya ce ta shawo kan halin da suke ciki a yanzu.
"Ta hanyar inganta tsarin gine-gine da kuma amfani da fasahohin zamani kamar fasahar adana makamashi ta AI, mun sami juriya ta hanyar inganta aikin sanyaya da dumama ba tare da ƙara yawan kayan da ake amfani da su ba," in ji Zhu Lei, Mataimakin Shugaban Kamfanin Gree Electric Appliances.
'Yan wasan masana'antu suna hanzarta ƙirƙira da ci gaban su. Nord Copper yana samar da batirin lithium-ion mai bakin ciki mai girman micron 3, wanda ke rage yawan foil ɗin jan ƙarfe da kashi 10%; Jintian Copper ya haɓaka tsarin jan ƙarfe da aka sake yin amfani da shi ta hanyar tsari, yana daidaita tsarkin jan ƙarfe mai tsafta da kashi 99.99% don biyan buƙatun masana'antu masu fasaha don tsarkake kayan.
"A ƙarshe, ko dai haƙar ma'adinai ne mai wayo da kuma amfani da shi a ƙananan matakai a ma'adanai, ko kuma cikakken sake amfani da shi wajen narkar da ma'adanai, ko kuma bincike da haɓaka kayayyaki masu inganci a kamfanonin sarrafa kayayyaki, kirkire-kirkire na fasaha shine babbar hanyar magance matsin lamba na farashi da kuma samun riba mai yawa," in ji Hu Haibin, babban mai sharhi na sashen gaba na Jiangxi Copper.
A sakamakon hauhawar farashin jan ƙarfe, "ceton jan ƙarfe ta hanyar amfani da aluminum" ya zama muhimmiyar hanya don bincike.
"Amfani da aluminum don adana jan ƙarfe" yana nufin dabarun amfani da kayan aiki a masana'antar wutar lantarki, kayan aiki na gida, da motoci wanda ke adana albarkatun jan ƙarfe kuma yana tabbatar da tsaron sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta hanyar haɓakawa da amfani da kayayyaki kamar kebul na ƙarfe na aluminum da sandunan ƙarfe na jan ƙarfe da aluminum yayin da ake tabbatar da aiki.
A watan Maris na 2025, Ma'aikatar Masana'antu da Fasahar Bayanai da wasu sassa goma sun haɗa kai wajen fitar da "Shirin Aiwatar da Ingantaccen Ci gaban Masana'antar Aluminum (2025-2027)," wanda ya lissafa "kebulan jagorar aluminum don tashoshin wutar lantarki na photovoltaic da iska da kayan haɗin jan ƙarfe da aluminum" da kuma "bututun musayar zafi na aluminum don firiji da kwandishan" a matsayin muhimman wurare don haɓakawa.
"Tsaftace jan ƙarfe da aluminum ba iri ɗaya bane da yanke kusurwa," in ji Chen Xuesen. Ba wai kawai maye gurbin abu bane mai sauƙi, amma hanya ce ta rama gazawar aikin aluminum ta hanyar ƙirƙirar fasaha. Kayan haɗin jan ƙarfe da aluminum sun haɗa kyakkyawan yanayin watsa wutar lantarki na jan ƙarfe tare da kyawawan halaye masu sauƙi da fa'idodin farashi na aluminum, kuma a halin yanzu ana amfani da su a cikin sabbin makamashi, kebul na wutar lantarki, da kayan aikin gida.
Binciken "tace jan ƙarfe da aluminum" a wasu fannoni ya haifar da sakamako. A cewar ƙungiyar masana'antar ƙarfe ta China Nonferrous, adadin jan ƙarfe da ake amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin sanyaya iska ya ragu daga kilogiram 12 a kowace na'ura a shekarar 2000 zuwa kilogiram 4 a kowace na'ura a halin yanzu; adadin jan ƙarfe da ake amfani da shi a cikin sabbin motocin makamashi ya ragu daga matsakaicin kilogiram 80 a kowace mota da farko zuwa kilogiram 60 a kowace mota a halin yanzu.
Kamfanin State Grid Corporation na kasar Sin ya kuma ba da damar amfani da kayan haɗin tagulla da aluminum. A cewar kwararru a fannin, an yi hasashen cewa a cikin shekaru uku masu zuwa, matsakaicin adadin tagulla da ake amfani da shi a cikin na'urar rarraba wutar lantarki guda ɗaya zai ragu da kashi 65%, kuma matsakaicin adadin tagulla da ake amfani da shi a cikin cikakken saitin kayan maye zai ragu daga kilogiram 200 a kowace na'ura zuwa kilogiram 70 a kowace na'ura.
Masu aiko da rahotanni sun gano cewa darajar kayan haɗin jan ƙarfe da aluminum ya wuce kawai "rage farashi da adana jan ƙarfe".
A gefe guda, amfani da kayan haɗin jan ƙarfe da aluminum masu inganci yana da ƙimar kore, inda sake amfani da aluminum ke cinye kashi 5% kawai na makamashin aluminum na farko kuma ƙasa da sake amfani da jan ƙarfe; a gefe guda kuma, yana da alaƙa da tsaron masana'antu da gasa a duniya.
"Amfani da fasahar maye gurbin kayan aiki kamar 'aluminum-for-copper' sun ƙara ƙarfafa tasirin adana albarkatu. Wannan sauyin tsarin yana nufin cewa dogaro da China kan albarkatun tagulla da aka shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje, musamman mahimmin tagulla, zai canza," in ji Chen Xuesen. (Wang Yueyang da Yao Ziyun, 'yan jaridar Xinhua)
