Cocaine Trafficking Trends and Hot Spots
Rising cocaine production and shifting trafficking routes pose growing threats to commercial vessels, emphasizing the importance of vigilance, preventive actions, and fair crew treatment.
Global Production and Cultivation
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reports that 2023 could be a record year for cocaine worldwide. Production is estimated at 3,708 tons, marking an increase of about one-third compared to the previous year.
This growth mainly reflects the expansion of illicit coca bush cultivation in Colombia. In contrast, cultivation in Bolivia remained stable, and Peru saw a slight decline in 2023.
Trafficking Routes and Market Flows
The primary cocaine trafficking routes extend from the Andean countries to North America and Europe. Europe receives cocaine directly or via West and Central Africa, though less frequently.
UNODC notes a dramatic rise in cocaine flows to Europe compared to North America, supported by increased seizures and wastewater analysis indicating higher cocaine use in Europe.
Additionally, seizure data suggest cocaine trafficking has recently expanded into Asia.
"Most indicators – those for production, seizures and use – point to 2023 being a record-breaking year for the global cocaine market."
Comparison with Other Drugs
Unlike cocaine, production and trafficking of Afghan opium and heroin remain at their lowest levels since 2001, according to UNODC.
Preventive Measures
- Maintain vigilance and strict monitoring of trafficking hotspots.
- Implement effective preventive protocols for commercial vessels.
- Ensure fair and proper treatment of crew involved in high-risk areas.
Author's summary: The rapid growth in cocaine production and its evolving trafficking routes demand increased vigilance and proactive preventive measures to protect maritime commerce and crews.